[S:1] {org} Prince Louis-Victor de Broglie of the French Academy, permanent secretary of the academy of sciences, and professor at the faculty of sciences at paris University, was born at dieppe (seine Inferieure) on 15th august, 1892, the son of Victor, Duc de Broglie and Pauline d'Armaille. {/org} {unl} tim(born(aoj>thing):4V.@past.@entry, 15:5W.@ordinal) plc(born(aoj>thing):4V.@past.@entry, Dieppe(iof>place):53) aoj(born(aoj>thing):4V.@past.@entry, Louis-Victor de Broglie(iof>person):07.@topic) man(born(aoj>thing):4V.@past.@entry, as(icl>how(obj>thing)):ZZ) aoj(prince(icl>duke):00, Louis-Victor de Broglie(iof>person):07.@topic) mod(Louis-Victor de Broglie(iof>person):07.@topic, academy(icl>school):19.@def) aoj(French(aoj>thing):12, academy(icl>school):19.@def) aoj(:02, Louis-Victor de Broglie(iof>person):07.@topic) and:02(Professor:31.@entry, permanent secretary:1V) plc:02(Professor:31.@entry, faculty(pof>university):3I.@def) mod:02(faculty(pof>university):3I.@def, science(icl>art):3T.@pl) plc:02(faculty(pof>university):3I.@def, Paris University:45) mod:02(permanent secretary:1V, academy(icl>school):2C.@def) mod:02(academy(icl>school):2C.@def, science(icl>art):2N.@pl) mod(Dieppe(iof>place):53, Seine inferior:5B.@parenthesis) tim(15:5W.@ordinal, August:61) tim(August:61, 1892:69) obj(as(icl>how(obj>thing)):ZZ, son(icl>relative):6J.@def) pos(son(icl>relative):6J.@def, :01) and:01(Pauline d'Armaille(iof>person):7K.@entry, Victor Duc de Broglie(iof>person):75) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 5.2 Sec ;;Done! [S:2] {org} after studying at the Lycee Janson of Sailly, he passed his school-leaving certificate in 1909. {/org} {unl} obj(pass(agt>thing,obj>examination):1D.@entry.@past, certificate(icl>document):23) man(pass(agt>thing,obj>examination):1D.@entry.@past, after(icl>how(obj>time)):00) agt(pass(agt>thing,obj>examination):1D.@entry.@past, he:1A.@topic) tim(pass(agt>thing,obj>examination):1D.@entry.@past, 1909:2I) obj(after(icl>how(obj>time)):00, study(agt>volitional thing):06) plc(study(agt>volitional thing):06, Lycee Janson of Sailly:0M.@def) mod(certificate(icl>document):23, he:1K) mod(certificate(icl>document):23, school-leaving:1O) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 2.0 Sec ;;Done! [S:3] {org} he applied himself first to literary studies and took his degree in history in 1910. {/org} {unl} agt(:01.@entry, he:00.@topic) and:01(take(icl>get(agt>thing,obj>thing)):1G.@entry.@past, apply oneself(agt>thing,obj>thing):06.@past) obj:01(take(icl>get(agt>thing,obj>thing)):1G.@entry.@past, degree(icl>qualification):1P) tim:01(take(icl>get(agt>thing,obj>thing)):1G.@entry.@past, 1910:2A) scn:01(degree(icl>qualification):1P, history(icl>science):1Z) mod:01(degree(icl>qualification):1P, he:1L) obj:01(apply oneself(agt>thing,obj>thing):06.@past, study(icl>action):14) man:01(apply oneself(agt>thing,obj>thing):06.@past, first(icl>how):0M) aoj:01(literary(aoj>thing):0V, study(icl>action):14) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 2.7 Sec ;;Done! [S:4] {org} then, as his liking for science prevailed, he studied for a science degree, which he gained in 1913. {/org} {unl} pur(study(agt>volitional thing):1A.@entry.@past, degree(icl>qualification):1W.@indef) rsn(study(agt>volitional thing):1A.@entry.@past, prevail(obj>thing):0W.@past) agt(study(agt>volitional thing):1A.@entry.@past, he:17) man(study(agt>volitional thing):1A.@entry.@past, then(icl>after that):00) obj(prevail(obj>thing):0W.@past, liking(icl>action):0D) obj(liking(icl>action):0D, science(icl>art):0O) mod(liking(icl>action):0D, he:09) obj(gain(agt>thing,obj>thing):2D.@past, degree(icl>qualification):1W.@indef) mod(degree(icl>qualification):1W.@indef, science(icl>art):1O) tim(gain(agt>thing,obj>thing):2D.@past, 1913:2N) agt(gain(agt>thing,obj>thing):2D.@past, he:2A) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 2.1 Sec ;;Done! [S:5] {org} he was then conscripted for military service and posted to the wireless section of the army, where he remained for the whole of the war of 1914-1918. {/org} {unl} obj(:02.@entry, he:00.@topic) man(:02.@entry, then(icl>after that):07) and:02(post(icl>send(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>person)):1G.@entry.@past, conscript(agt>thing,obj>person):0F.@past) gol:02(post(icl>send(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>person)):1G.@entry.@past, section(pof>organization):23.@def) plc:02(remain(obj>thing):2X.@past.@state, section(pof>organization):23.@def) mod:02(section(pof>organization):23.@def, army(icl>armed force):2I.@def) mod:02(section(pof>organization):23.@def, wireless(modthing):2X.@past.@state, war(icl>struggle):3R.@def) obj:02(remain(obj>thing):2X.@past.@state, he:2U) mod:02(war(icl>struggle):3R.@def, whole(icl>all):3E.@def) mod:02(war(icl>struggle):3R.@def, :01) fmt:01(1918:43.@entry, 1914:3Y) pur:02(conscript(agt>thing,obj>person):0F.@past, military service:14) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 3.3 Sec ;;Done! [S:6] {org} during this period he was stationed at the Eiffel Tower, where he devoted his spare time to the study of technical problems. {/org} {unl} gol(station(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>person):0Q.@entry.@past, Eiffel Tower:17.@def) dur(station(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>person):0Q.@entry.@past, period(icl>time):0C) obj(station(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>person):0Q.@entry.@past, he:0J.@topic) mod(period(icl>time):0C, this(modgive(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing)):1U.@past, Eiffel Tower:17.@def) obj(devote(icl>give(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing)):1U.@past, time(icl>abstract thing):2C) agt(devote(icl>give(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing)):1U.@past, he:1R) gol(devote(icl>give(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing)):1U.@past, study(icl>action):2O.@def) mod(time(icl>abstract thing):2C, he:22) aoj(spare(aoj>thing):26, time(icl>abstract thing):2C) mod(study(icl>action):2O.@def, problem(icl>abstract thing):37.@pl) aoj(technical(aoj>thing):2X, problem(icl>abstract thing):37.@pl) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 2.6 Sec ;;Done! [S:7] {org} at the end of the war Louis de Broglie resumed his studies of general physics. {/org} {unl} obj(resume(agt>thing,obj>action):13.@entry.@past, study(icl>action):1F) tim(resume(agt>thing,obj>action):13.@entry.@past, end(icl>time):07.@def) agt(resume(agt>thing,obj>action):13.@entry.@past, Louis de Broglie(iof>person):0M.@topic) mod(end(icl>time):07.@def, war(icl>struggle):0I.@def) mod(study(icl>action):1F, physics(icl>science):1Y) mod(study(icl>action):1F, he:1B) aoj(general(aoj>thing):1Q, physics(icl>science):1Y) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 1.6 Sec ;;Done! [S:8] {org} while taking an interest in the experimental work carried out by his elder brother, Maurice, and co-workers, he specialized in theoretical physics and, in particular, in the study of problems involving quanta. {/org} {unl} dur(specialize(agt>thing,obj>thing):3B.@entry.@past, take(agt>thing,obj>abstract thing):06) obj(specialize(agt>thing,obj>thing):3B.@entry.@past, :01) agt(specialize(agt>thing,obj>thing):3B.@entry.@past, he:38.@topic) and:01(study(icl>action):54.@entry.@def, physics(icl>science):45) man:01(study(icl>action):54.@entry.@def, in particular:4I) mod:01(study(icl>action):54.@entry.@def, problem(icl>abstract thing):5D.@pl) agt:01(involve(agt>thing,obj>thing):5M.@progress, problem(icl>abstract thing):5D.@pl) obj:01(involve(agt>thing,obj>thing):5M.@progress, quantum(icl>particle):5W.@pl) aoj:01(theoretical(aoj>thing):3T, physics(icl>science):45) obj(take(agt>thing,obj>abstract thing):06, interest(icl>intention):0G.@indef) obj(interest(icl>intention):0G.@indef, work(icl>activity):19.@def) aoj(experimental(aoj>thing):0W, work(icl>activity):19.@def) obj(carry out(agt>thing,obj>thing):1E.@past, work(icl>activity):19.@def) agt(carry out(agt>thing,obj>thing):1E.@past, :02) and:02(co-worker(icl>person):2S.@entry.@pl, elder brother:20) nam:02(elder brother:20, Maurice:2F) mod:02(elder brother:20, he:1W) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 4.6 Sec ;;Done! [S:9] {org} in 1924 at the faculty of sciences at paris University he delivered a thesis Recherches sur la Theorie des Quanta (researches on the quantum theory), which gained him his doctor's degree. {/org} {unl} tim(deliver(icl>address(agt>thing,obj>thing)):1M.@past.@entry, 1924:03) plc(deliver(icl>address(agt>thing,obj>thing)):1M.@past.@entry, faculty(pof>university):0F.@def) agt(deliver(icl>address(agt>thing,obj>thing)):1M.@past.@entry, he:1J.@topic) obj(deliver(icl>address(agt>thing,obj>thing)):1M.@past.@entry, thesis(icl>document):1Y) mod(faculty(pof>university):0F.@def, science(icl>art):0Q.@pl) plc(faculty(pof>university):0F.@def, Paris University:12) equ(Recherches sur la Theorie des Quanta:00, :01.@parenthesis) nam(thesis(icl>document):1Y, Recherches sur la Theorie des Quanta:00) aoj:01(on(icl>about):3P, research(icl>action):3E.@entry.@pl) obj:01(on(icl>about):3P, quantum theory:3W.@def) agt(gain(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing):4J.@past, thesis(icl>document):1Y) obj(gain(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing):4J.@past, degree(icl>qualification):57) gol(gain(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing):4J.@past, he:4Q) mod(degree(icl>qualification):57, doctor(icl>title):4Y) mod(degree(icl>qualification):57, he:4U) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 3.0 Sec ;;Done! [S:10] {org} this thesis contained a series of important findings which he had obtained in the course of about two years. {/org} {unl} aoj(contain(aoj>thing,obj>thing):0C.@past.@entry, thesis(icl>document):05) obj(contain(aoj>thing,obj>thing):0C.@past.@entry, finding(icl>information):18.@pl) mod(thesis(icl>document):05, this(modinformation):18.@pl, a series of(modthing):0Y, finding(icl>information):18.@pl) obj(obtain(agt>thing,obj>thing):1U.@past.@complete, finding(icl>information):18.@pl) agt(obtain(agt>thing,obj>thing):1U.@past.@complete, he:1N) man(obtain(agt>thing,obj>thing):1U.@past.@complete, in the course of:23) obj(in the course of:23, year(icl>period):2U.@pl) qua(year(icl>period):2U.@pl, about(quadavisson and germer; {/org} {unl} obj(confirm(icl>express(agt>thing,obj>thing)):3A.@past.@entry, idea(icl>notion):04.@def.@pl.@topic) agt(confirm(icl>express(agt>thing,obj>thing)):3A.@past.@entry, :01) tim(confirm(icl>express(agt>thing,obj>thing)):3A.@past.@entry, 1927:54) man(confirm(icl>express(agt>thing,obj>thing)):3A.@past.@entry, by(icl>how(obj>thing)):3K) man(confirm(icl>express(agt>thing,obj>thing)):3A.@past.@entry, fully:34) man(confirm(icl>express(agt>thing,obj>thing)):3A.@past.@entry, subsequently:2R) plc(set out(icl>start(agt>thing,gol>thing,src>thing)):0A.@past, work(icl>activity):0Q) obj(set out(icl>start(agt>thing,gol>thing,src>thing)):0A.@past, idea(icl>notion):04.@def.@pl.@topic) agt(give rise to(agt>thing,obj>thing):18.@past, work(icl>activity):0Q) mod(work(icl>activity):0Q, that(aojthing,obj>thing):18.@past, astonishment(icl>feeling):1L) man(give rise to(agt>thing,obj>thing):18.@past, first(icl>how):12) aoj(owing to(aoj>thing,obj>thing):1Y, astonishment(icl>feeling):1L) obj(owing to(aoj>thing,obj>thing):1Y, novelty(icl>thing):2D) mod(novelty(icl>thing):2D, they:27.@pl) obj(by(icl>how(obj>thing)):3K, discovery(icl>phenomenon):3R.@def) mod(discovery(icl>phenomenon):3R.@def, diffraction(icl>phenomenon):4D) aoj(by(aoj>thing,obj>thing):4P, diffraction(icl>phenomenon):4D) mod(diffraction(icl>phenomenon):4D, electron(icl>particle):44) obj(by(aoj>thing,obj>thing):4P, crystal(icl>substance):4S.@pl) and:01(Germer(iof>person):5S.@entry, Davisson(iof>person):5F) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 4.3 Sec ;;Done! [S:12] {org} they served as the basis for developing the general theory nowadays known by the name of wave mechanics, a theory which has utterly transformed our knowledge of physical phenomena on the atomic scale. {/org} {unl} man(serve(agt>thing):05.@past.@entry, as(icl>how(obj>thing)):0C) agt(serve(agt>thing):05.@past.@entry, they:00) obj(as(icl>how(obj>thing)):0C, basis(icl>abstract thing):0J.@def) pur(basis(icl>abstract thing):0J.@def, develop(agt>thing,obj>thing):0T) obj(develop(agt>thing,obj>thing):0T, theory(icl>logic):1G.@def) aoj(general(aoj>thing):18, theory(icl>logic):1G.@def) obj(know(aoj>thing,obj>thing):1W, theory(icl>logic):1G.@def) man(know(aoj>thing,obj>thing):1W, by(icl>how(obj>thing)):22) man(know(aoj>thing,obj>thing):1W, nowadays(icl>how):1N) obj(by(icl>how(obj>thing)):22, name(icl>mark):29.@def) mod(name(icl>mark):29.@def, mechanics(icl>science):2M) mod(mechanics(icl>science):2M, wave(icl>phenomenon):2H) aoj(theory(icl>logic):2Z.@indef, mechanics(icl>science):2M) agt(transform(icl>change(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing,src>thing)):3O.@complete, theory(icl>logic):2Z.@indef) obj(transform(icl>change(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing,src>thing)):3O.@complete, knowledge(icl>information):44) man(transform(icl>change(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing,src>thing)):3O.@complete, utterly:3G) mod(knowledge(icl>information):44, phenomenon(icl>event):4Q.@pl) mod(knowledge(icl>information):44, we:40) aoj(physical(modevent):4Q.@pl) aoj(on(icl>about):50, phenomenon(icl>event):4Q.@pl) obj(on(icl>about):50, scale(icl>attribute):5E.@def) aoj(atomic(aoj>thing):57, scale(icl>attribute):5E.@def) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 3.9 Sec ;;Done! [S:13] {org} after the maintaining of his thesis and while continuing to publish original work on the new mechanics, Louis de Broglie took up teaching duties. {/org} {unl} man(take up(icl>start(agt>thing,obj>thing)):3K.@past.@entry, after(icl>how(obj>time)):03) dur(take up(icl>start(agt>thing,obj>thing)):3K.@past.@entry, continue(agt>thing,obj>thing):1D) obj(take up(icl>start(agt>thing,obj>thing)):3K.@past.@entry, duty(icl>abstract thing):41.@pl) agt(take up(icl>start(agt>thing,obj>thing)):3K.@past.@entry, Louis de Broglie(iof>person):33.@topic) obj(after(icl>how(obj>time)):03, maintain(agt>thing,obj>thing):0D.@def) mod(duty(icl>abstract thing):41.@pl, teaching(icl>action):3S) obj(continue(agt>thing,obj>thing):1D, publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):1R) obj(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):1R, work(icl>product):28) aoj(on(icl>about):2D, work(icl>product):28) aoj(original(icl>inventive):1Z, work(icl>product):28) obj(on(icl>about):2D, mechanics(icl>science):2O.@def) mod(mechanics(icl>science):2O.@def, new(aoj>thing):2K) obj(maintain(agt>thing,obj>thing):0D.@def, thesis(icl>document):0W) mod(thesis(icl>document):0W, he:0S) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 2.8 Sec ;;Done! [S:14] {org} on completion of two year's free lectures at the sorbonne he was appointed to teach theoretical physics at the institut Henri Poincare which had just been built in paris. {/org} {unl} pur(appoint(agt>thing,obj>person):1T.@entry.@past, teach(agt>thing,gol>person,obj>thing):26) tim(appoint(agt>thing,obj>person):1T.@entry.@past, completion(icl>phenomenon):03) obj(appoint(agt>thing,obj>person):1T.@entry.@past, he:1M.@topic) obj(completion(icl>phenomenon):03, lecture(icl>action):0X.@pl) mod(lecture(icl>action):0X.@pl, year(icl>period):0L) aoj(free(icl>free of charge):0S, lecture(icl>action):0X.@pl) plc(lecture(icl>action):0X.@pl, Sorbonne:1D.@def) qua(year(icl>period):0L, 2:0H) obj(teach(agt>thing,gol>person,obj>thing):26, physics(icl>science):2O) plc(teach(agt>thing,gol>person,obj>thing):26, Institut Henri Poincare:33.@def) aoj(theoretical(aoj>thing):2C, physics(icl>science):2O) obj(build(agt>thing,obj>thing):4B.@past.@complete, Institut Henri Poincare:33.@def) plc(build(agt>thing,obj>thing):4B.@past.@complete, Paris(iof>city):4K) man(build(agt>thing,obj>thing):4B.@past.@complete, just(icl>how):41) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 2.9 Sec ;;Done! [S:15] {org} the purpose of that institute is to teach and develop.t mathematical and theoretical physics. {/org} {unl} mod(purpose(icl>abstract thing):04.@def.@topic, institute(icl>university):0K) mod(institute(icl>university):0K, that(aojabstract thing):04.@def.@topic, :02.@entry) obj(:02, physics(icl>science):2R) and:02(develop(agt>thing,obj>thing):1D.@entry, teach(agt>thing,gol>person,obj>thing):13) aoj(:01, physics(icl>science):2R) and:01(theoretical(aoj>thing):2B.@entry, mathematical(aoj>thing):1U) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 2.3 Sec ;;Done! [S:16] {org} the incumbent of the chair of theoretical physics at the faculty of sciences at the university of paris since 1932, Louis de Broglie runs a course on a different subject each year at the institut Henri Poincare, and several of these courses have been published. {/org} {unl} and(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):6Z.@complete.@entry, run(icl>manage(agt>thing,obj>thing)):3P) agt(run(icl>manage(agt>thing,obj>thing)):3P, Louis de Broglie(iof>person):38) obj(run(icl>manage(agt>thing,obj>thing)):3P, course(icl>lecture):3W.@indef) plc(run(icl>manage(agt>thing,obj>thing)):3P, Institut Henri Poincare:57.@def) tim(run(icl>manage(agt>thing,obj>thing)):3P, year(icl>period):4V) mod(incumbent(icl>person):04.@def, chair(icl>position(plc>university)):0L.@def) mod(chair(icl>position(plc>university)):0L.@def, physics(icl>science):16) aoj(theoretical(aoj>thing):0U, physics(icl>science):16) plc(physics(icl>science):16, faculty(pof>university):1L.@def) mod(faculty(pof>university):1L.@def, science(icl>art):1W.@pl) plc(faculty(pof>university):1L.@def, university(icl>school):2C.@def) mod(university(icl>school):2C.@def, Paris(iof>city):2Q) aoj(incumbent(icl>person):04.@def, Louis de Broglie(iof>person):38) tmf(incumbent(icl>person):04.@def, 1932:32) aoj(on(icl>about):43, course(icl>lecture):3W.@indef) obj(on(icl>about):43, subject(icl>information):4I.@indef) aoj(different(aoj>thing):48, subject(icl>information):4I.@indef) obj(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):6Z.@complete.@entry, several(icl>thing):60.@topic) mod(several(icl>thing):60.@topic, course(icl>lecture):6H.@pl) mod(course(icl>lecture):6H.@pl, this(icl>thing):6B.@pl) mod(year(icl>period):4V, each(modfrench and foreign students have come to work with him and a great deal of doctorate theses have been prepared under his guidance. {/org} {unl} and(prepare(agt>thing,obj>thing):36.@complete.@entry, come(agt>thing):19.@complete) man(prepare(agt>thing,obj>thing):36.@complete.@entry, under(icl>how(obj>thing)):3F) obj(prepare(agt>thing,obj>thing):36.@complete.@entry, thesis(icl>document):2P.@topic.@pl) mod(thesis(icl>document):2P.@topic.@pl, doctorate(icl>degree):2F) qua(thesis(icl>document):2P.@topic.@pl, a great deal of(quahow(obj>thing)):3F, guidance(icl>lead):3P) mod(guidance(icl>lead):3P, he:3L) mod(student(icl>person):0V.@pl, many(quaperson):0V.@pl, :01) and:01(foreign(modthing):08) agt(come(agt>thing):19.@complete, student(icl>person):0V.@pl) pur(come(agt>thing):19.@complete, work(agt>thing):1H) cag(work(agt>thing):1H, he:1R) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 9.8 Sec ;;Done! [S:18] {org} between 1930 and 1950, Louis de Broglie's work has been chiefly devoted to the study of the various extensions of wave mechanics: dirac's electron theory, the new theory of light, the general theory of spin particles, applications of wave mechanics to nuclear physics, etc. {/org} {unl} gol(devote(icl>give(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing)):1Z.@complete.@past.@entry, study(icl>action):2E.@def) man(devote(icl>give(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing)):1Z.@complete.@past.@entry, between(icl>how(obj>thing)):00) obj(devote(icl>give(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing)):1Z.@complete.@past.@entry, work(icl>activity):1D.@topic) man(devote(icl>give(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing)):1Z.@complete.@past.@entry, chiefly:1R) mod(work(icl>activity):1D.@topic, Louis de Broglie(iof>person):0U) obj(between(icl>how(obj>thing)):00, :02) and:02(1950:0K.@entry, 1930:0B) obj(study(icl>action):2E.@def, extension(icl>phenomenon):2Z.@colon.@def.@pl) aoj(various(aoj>thing):2R, extension(icl>phenomenon):2Z.@colon.@def.@pl) obj(extension(icl>phenomenon):2Z.@colon.@def.@pl, mechanics(icl>science):3I) mod(mechanics(icl>science):3I, wave(icl>phenomenon):3D) cnt(extension(icl>phenomenon):2Z.@colon.@def.@pl, :01) and:01(etc.:7R.@entry, application(icl>action):6C.@pl) and:01(application(icl>action):6C.@pl, theory(icl>logic):5M.@def) obj:01(application(icl>action):6C.@pl, mechanics(icl>science):6X) gol:01(application(icl>action):6C.@pl, nuclear physics:7A) mod:01(mechanics(icl>science):6X, wave(icl>phenomenon):6S) and:01(theory(icl>logic):5M.@def, theory(icl>logic):4T.@def) aoj:01(general(aoj>thing):5E, theory(icl>logic):5M.@def) mod:01(theory(icl>logic):5M.@def, particle(icl>object):61.@pl) mod:01(particle(icl>object):61.@pl, spin(icl>phenomenon):5W) and:01(theory(icl>logic):4T.@def, theory(icl>logic):4D) mod:01(theory(icl>logic):4T.@def, light(icl>phenomenon):53) mod:01(theory(icl>logic):4T.@def, new(aoj>thing):4P) mod:01(theory(icl>logic):4D, electron(icl>particle):44) mod:01(electron(icl>particle):44, Dirac(iof>person):3W) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 4.9 Sec ;;Done! [S:19] {org} he has published numerous notes and several papers on this subject, and is the author of more than twenty-five books on the fields of his particular interests. {/org} {unl} and(author(icl>occupation):2E.@def.@entry, publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):07.@complete) aoj(author(icl>occupation):2E.@def.@entry, he:00.@topic) mod(author(icl>occupation):2E.@def.@entry, book(icl>document):3A.@pl) aoj(more(aoj>thing):2O, book(icl>document):3A.@pl) bas(more(aoj>thing):2O, 25:2Y) aoj(on(icl>about):3G, book(icl>document):3A.@pl) obj(on(icl>about):3G, field(icl>abstract thing):3N.@def.@pl) obj(interest(icl>intention):4C.@pl, field(icl>abstract thing):3N.@def.@pl) mod(interest(icl>intention):4C.@pl, he:3X) mod(interest(icl>intention):4C.@pl, particular(modthing,obj>thing):07.@complete, :01) agt(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):07.@complete, he:00.@topic) and:01(paper(icl>document):1B.@entry.@pl, note(icl>document):0T.@pl) mod:01(paper(icl>document):1B.@entry.@pl, several(moddocument):0T.@pl, numerous(quaabout):1M, :01) obj(on(icl>about):1M, subject(icl>information):1U) mod(subject(icl>information):1U, this(modspace and time, an attempt which he had then abandoned in the face of the almost universal adherence of physicists to the purely probabilistic interpretation of born, Bohr, and heisenberg. {/org} {unl} man(resume(agt>thing,obj>action):1T.@complete.@entry, together with:0C) tmf(resume(agt>thing,obj>action):1T.@complete.@entry, 1951:06) agt(resume(agt>thing,obj>action):1T.@complete.@entry, Louis de Broglie(iof>person):18) obj(resume(agt>thing,obj>action):1T.@complete.@entry, study(icl>action):25.@def) mod(study(icl>action):25.@def, attempt(icl>plan):2H.@indef) aoj(young(aoj>person):0Q, colleague(icl>person):0W.@pl) obj(together with:0C, colleague(icl>person):0W.@pl) obj(make(agt>thing,obj>action):2Y.@past, attempt(icl>plan):2H.@indef) agt(make(agt>thing,obj>action):2Y.@past, he:2V) tim(make(agt>thing,obj>action):2Y.@past, 1927:36) man(make(agt>thing,obj>action):2Y.@past, under(icl>how(obj>thing)):3B) obj(under(icl>how(obj>thing)):3B, name(icl>mark):3L.@def) mod(name(icl>mark):3L.@def, theory(icl>logic):3X.@def) mod(theory(icl>logic):3X.@def, solution(icl>method):4I) aoj(double(aoj>thing):4B, solution(icl>method):4I) pur(attempt(icl>plan):2H.@indef, give(agt>thing,obj>action):4U) obj(give(agt>thing,obj>action):4U, interpretation(icl>action):58.@indef) man(give(agt>thing,obj>action):4U, term(icl>word):6M.@def.@pl) aoj(causal(aoj>thing):51, interpretation(icl>action):58.@indef) to(interpretation(icl>action):58.@indef, mechanics(icl>science):5V) mod(mechanics(icl>science):5V, wave(icl>phenomenon):5Q) aoj(classical(aoj>thing):6C, term(icl>word):6M.@def.@pl) mod(term(icl>word):6M.@def.@pl, :02) and:02(time(icl>abstract thing):78.@entry, space(icl>universe):6Y) aoj(attempt(icl>plan):7L.@indef, attempt(icl>plan):2H.@indef) obj(abandon(icl>give up(agt>thing,obj>abstract thing)):8B.@past.@complete, attempt(icl>plan):7L.@indef) man(abandon(icl>give up(agt>thing,obj>abstract thing)):8B.@past.@complete, in the face of:8L) agt(abandon(icl>give up(agt>thing,obj>abstract thing)):8B.@past.@complete, he:7Z) man(abandon(icl>give up(agt>thing,obj>abstract thing)):8B.@past.@complete, then(icl>after that):86) obj(in the face of:8L, adherence(icl>action):9L.@def) man(universal(aoj>thing):9B, almost(icl>how):94) aoj(universal(aoj>thing):9B, adherence(icl>action):9L.@def) mod(adherence(icl>action):9L.@def, physicist(icl>scientist):9Y.@pl) obj(adherence(icl>action):9L.@def, interpretation(icl>action):B1.@def) agt(interpretation(icl>action):B1.@def, :01) man(probabilistic(aoj>thing):AN, purely:AG) aoj(probabilistic(aoj>thing):AN, interpretation(icl>action):B1.@def) and:01(Heisenberg(iof>person):C2.@entry, Bohr(iof>person):BS) and:01(Bohr(iof>person):BS, Born(iof>person):BM) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 8.1 Sec ;;Done! [S:21] {org} back again in this his former field of research, he has obtained a certain number of new and encouraging results which he has published in notes to Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences and in various expositions. {/org} {unl} man(obtain(agt>thing,obj>thing):1K.@complete.@entry, back(icl>how):00) obj(obtain(agt>thing,obj>thing):1K.@complete.@entry, result(icl>functional thing):34.@indef.@pl) agt(obtain(agt>thing,obj>thing):1K.@complete.@entry, he:1D.@topic) mod(number(icl>quantity):23, certain(icl>some(modfunctional thing):34.@indef.@pl, number(icl>quantity):23) aoj(:02, result(icl>functional thing):34.@indef.@pl) obj(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):3P.@complete, result(icl>functional thing):34.@indef.@pl) plc(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):3P.@complete, :01) agt(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):3P.@complete, he:3I) and:01(exposition(icl>meeting):66.@entry.@pl, note(icl>document):45.@pl) aoj:01(various(aoj>thing):5Y, exposition(icl>meeting):66.@entry.@pl) to:01(note(icl>document):45.@pl, Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences:00) and:02(encouraging(aoj>thing):2O.@entry, new(aoj>thing):2G) man(back(icl>how):00, again:05) gol(back(icl>how):00, field(icl>abstract thing):0U) mod(field(icl>abstract thing):0U, this(modabstract thing):0U, research(icl>action):13) mod(field(icl>abstract thing):0U, he:0J) mod(field(icl>abstract thing):0U, former(modAcademie des Sciences awarded him in 1929 the Henri Poincare medal (awarded for the first time), then in 1932, the albert I of monaco prize. {/org} {unl} man(award(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing):2I.@past.@entry, after(icl>how(obj>thing)):00) agt(award(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing):2I.@past.@entry, Academie des Sciences:00.@def) gol(award(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing):2I.@past.@entry, he:2Q) tim(award(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing):2I.@past.@entry, 1929:2X) obj(award(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing):2I.@past.@entry, :03) obj:03(:01.@parenthesis, medal(icl>mark):3S.@def) mod:03(medal(icl>mark):3S.@def, Henri Poincare:00) man:01(award(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing):3Z.@entry.@past, for the first time:47) and:03(prize(icl>gift):5T.@entry, medal(icl>mark):3S.@def) man:03(1932:50, then(icl>after that):4S) mod:02(Albert I(iof>person):5A.@entry, Monaco:5M) mod:03(prize(icl>gift):5T.@entry, :02) tim:03(prize(icl>gift):5T.@entry, 1932:50) obj(after(icl>how(obj>thing)):00, crown(icl>accomplish(agt>thing,obj>thing)):06) obj(crown(icl>accomplish(agt>thing,obj>thing)):06, work(icl>activity):0Y) tim(crown(icl>accomplish(agt>thing,obj>thing)):06, occasion(icl>chance):1A.@pl) mod(work(icl>activity):0Y, Louis de Broglie(iof>person):0F) qua(occasion(icl>chance):1A.@pl, 2:16) {/unl} ;;undefined words ;; Academie des Sciences ;; Henri Poincare [/S] ;;Time 3.0 Sec ;;Done! [S:23] {org} in 1929 the swedish Academy of Sciences conferred on him the nobel Prize for physics "for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons". {/org} {unl} tim(confer(agt>thing,gol>person,obj>thing):14.@past.@entry, 1929:03) agt(confer(agt>thing,gol>person,obj>thing):14.@past.@entry, Swedish Academy of Sciences:0C.@def) obj(confer(agt>thing,gol>person,obj>thing):14.@past.@entry, Nobel Prize:1P.@def) gol(confer(agt>thing,gol>person,obj>thing):14.@past.@entry, he:1H) pur(confer(agt>thing,gol>person,obj>thing):14.@past.@entry, :01) pur(Nobel Prize:1P.@def, physics(icl>science):25) obj:01(discovery(icl>action):2M.@topic.@entry, wave nature:33.@def) agt:01(discovery(icl>action):2M.@topic.@entry, he:2I) mod:01(wave nature:33.@def, electron(icl>particle):3I.@pl) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 2.1 Sec ;;Done! [S:24] {org} in 1952 the first kalinga Prize was awarded to him by UNESCO for his efforts to explain aspects of modern physics to the layman. {/org} {unl} pur(award(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing):10.@past.@entry, effort(icl>action):1X.@pl) tim(award(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing):10.@past.@entry, 1952:03) obj(award(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing):10.@past.@entry, Kalinga Prize:0I.@def.@topic) agt(award(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing):10.@past.@entry, UNESCO(equ>United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization):1I) gol(award(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing):10.@past.@entry, he:1B) aoj(first(aoj>thing):0C, Kalinga Prize:0I.@def.@topic) pur(effort(icl>action):1X.@pl, explain(icl>express(agt>thing,gol>person,obj>thing)):28) mod(effort(icl>action):1X.@pl, he:1T) obj(explain(icl>express(agt>thing,gol>person,obj>thing)):28, aspect(icl>attribute):2G.@pl) gol(explain(icl>express(agt>thing,gol>person,obj>thing)):28, layman(icl>person):3D.@def) mod(aspect(icl>attribute):2G.@pl, physics(icl>science):2Y) mod(physics(icl>science):2Y, modern(modthing,obj>thing,src>thing):0B.@past.@entry, 1956:03) agt(receive(agt>thing,obj>thing,src>thing):0B.@past.@entry, he:08) obj(receive(agt>thing,obj>thing,src>thing):0B.@past.@entry, medal(icl>mark):0T.@def) mod(medal(icl>mark):0T.@def, center(icl>place):26) aoj(gold(aoj>thing):0O, medal(icl>mark):0T.@def) mod(center(icl>place):26, research(icl>action):1X.@def) aoj(French(aoj>thing):16, center(icl>place):26) mod(center(icl>place):26, national(modthing):1M, research(icl>action):1X.@def) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 1.6 Sec ;;Done! [S:26] {org} he has made major.a contributions to the fostering of international scientific co-operation. {/org} {unl} obj(make(agt>thing,obj>action):07.@entry.@complete, contribution(icl>action):0K.@pl) agt(make(agt>thing,obj>action):07.@entry.@complete, he:00) gol(contribution(icl>action):0K.@pl, foster(agt>thing,obj>thing):15.@def) mod(contribution(icl>action):0K.@pl, major(modthing,obj>thing):15.@def, cooperation(icl>activity):27) mod(cooperation(icl>activity):27, international(aoj>thing):1I) aoj(scientific(aoj>thing):1W, cooperation(icl>activity):27) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 1.5 Sec ;;Done! [S:27] {org} elected a member of the academy of sciences of the french institute in 1933, Louis de Broglie has been its permanent secretary for the mathematical sciences since 1942. {/org} {unl} aoj(permanent secretary:2Z.@complete.@entry, Louis de Broglie(iof>person):25.@topic) mod(permanent secretary:2Z.@complete.@entry, it:2V) tmf(permanent secretary:2Z.@complete.@entry, 1942:4J) tim(elect(agt>thing,obj>person):00.@past, 1933:1Z) obj(elect(agt>thing,obj>person):00.@past, member(pof>group):0A.@indef) pof(member(pof>group):0A.@indef, academy(icl>school):0O.@def) mod(academy(icl>school):0O.@def, science(icl>art):0Z.@pl) mod(science(icl>art):0Z.@pl, institute(icl>university):1M.@def) aoj(French(aoj>thing):1F, institute(icl>university):1M.@def) aoj(member(pof>group):0A.@indef, Louis de Broglie(iof>person):25.@topic) pur(permanent secretary:2Z.@complete.@entry, science(icl>art):44.@def.@pl) aoj(mathematical(aoj>thing):3R, science(icl>art):44.@def.@pl) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 2.6 Sec ;;Done! [S:28] {org} he has been a member of the bureau des longitudes since 1944. {/org} {unl} aoj(member(pof>group):0E.@entry.@complete.@indef, he:00.@topic) mod(member(pof>group):0E.@entry.@complete.@indef, bureau(icl>organization):0S.@def) tmf(member(pof>group):0E.@entry.@complete.@indef, 1944:1K) mod(bureau(icl>organization):0S.@def, longitude(icl>contour line):13.@pl) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 1.1 Sec ;;Done! [S:29] {org} he holds the Grand Cross of the legion d'Honneur and is an officer of the order of leopold of belgium. {/org} {unl} and(officer(icl>government officer):1N.@indef.@entry, hold(icl>have(aoj>thing,obj>thing)):03) aoj(officer(icl>government officer):1N.@indef.@entry, he:00.@topic) mod(officer(icl>government officer):1N.@indef.@entry, Order of Leopold of Belgium:22.@def) aoj(hold(icl>have(aoj>thing,obj>thing)):03, he:00.@topic) obj(hold(icl>have(aoj>thing,obj>thing)):03, Grand Cross:0D.@def) mod(Grand Cross:0D.@def, legion(icl>army):0W.@def) mod(legion(icl>army):0W.@def, honor(icl>award):0X) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 1.8 Sec ;;Done! [S:30] {org} he is an honorary doctor of the universities of Warsaw, Bucharest, athens, Lausanne, Quebec, and Brussels, and a member of eighteen foreign academies in europe, india, and the U.S.A. {/org} {unl} aoj(:03.@entry, he:00.@topic) and:03(member(pof>group):3F.@entry.@indef, doctor(icl>title):0L.@indef) mod:03(member(pof>group):3F.@entry.@indef, academy(icl>school):46.@pl) plc:03(academy(icl>school):46.@pl, :01) qua:03(academy(icl>school):46.@pl, 18:3P) mod:03(academy(icl>school):46.@pl, foreign(modUnited States of America):59.@entry.@def, India:4U) and:01(India:4U, Europe:4M) mod:03(doctor(icl>title):0L.@indef, :02) aoj:03(honorary(aoj>thing):0C, doctor(icl>title):0L.@indef) mod:03(doctor(icl>title):0L.@indef, university(icl>school):0Z.@def.@pl) and:02(Brussels(iof>city):2V.@entry, Quebec(iof>city):2J) and:02(Quebec(iof>city):2J, Lausanne(iof>city):29) and:02(Lausanne(iof>city):29, Athens(iof>place):21) and:02(Athens(iof>place):21, Bucharest(iof>city):1Q) and:02(Bucharest(iof>city):1Q, Warsaw(iof>city):1I) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 3.3 Sec ;;Done! [S:31] {org} professor de Broglie's most important publications are: {/org} {unl} aoj(following(icl>thing):1I.@entry.@def, publication(icl>book):12.@topic.@pl) mod(publication(icl>book):12.@topic.@pl, de Broglie(iof>person):0A) aoj(important(aoj>thing):0S, publication(icl>book):12.@topic.@pl) man(important(aoj>thing):0S, most(icl>how):1J) aoj(Professor:00, de Broglie(iof>person):0A) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 0.7 Sec ;;Done! [S:32] {org} english translation: non-linear wave mechanics: a causal interpretation, elsevier, amsterdam, 1960. {/org} {unl} mod(translation(icl>document):08.@colon, English(icl>language):00) nam(translation(icl>document):08.@colon, :01.@entry) obj(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):ZZ, :01.@entry.@colon) agt(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):ZZ, Elsevier:21) plc(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):ZZ, Amsterdam(iof>city):2B) tim(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):ZZ, 1960:2M) aoj(interpretation(icl>information):1L.@indef, :01.@entry.@colon) mod:01(mechanics(icl>science):11.@entry, wave(icl>phenomenon):0W) mod:01(wave(icl>phenomenon):0W, linear(aoj>thing):0P.@not) aoj(causal(aoj>thing):1E, interpretation(icl>information):1L.@indef) {/unl} ;;undefined words ;; Elsevier [/S] ;;Time 1.1 Sec ;;Done! [S:33] {org} english translation: introduction to the Vigier theory of elementary particles, elsevier, amsterdam, 1963. {/org} {unl} mod(translation(icl>document):08.@colon, English(icl>language):00) nam(translation(icl>document):08.@colon, :01.@entry) obj(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):ZZ, :01.@entry) agt(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):ZZ, Elsevier:28) plc(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):ZZ, Amsterdam(iof>city):2I) tim(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):ZZ, 1963:2T) gol:01(introduction(icl>book):0L.@entry, theory(icl>logic):1C.@def) mod:01(theory(icl>logic):1C.@def, elementary particle:1M.@pl) mod:01(theory(icl>logic):1C.@def, Vigier:15) {/unl} ;;undefined words ;; Vigier ;; elsevier [/S] ;;Time 1.3 Sec ;;Done! [S:34] {org} english translation: the current interpretation of wave mechanics: a critical study, elsevier, amsterdam, 1964. {/org} {unl} mod(translation(icl>document):08.@colon, English(icl>language):00) nam(translation(icl>document):08.@colon, :01.@entry) aoj(study(icl>document):26.@indef, :01.@entry) obj(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):ZZ, :01.@entry) agt(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):ZZ, Elsevier:2D) plc(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):ZZ, Amsterdam(iof>city):2N) tim(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):ZZ, 1964:2Y) aoj:01(current(aoj>time):0P, interpretation(icl>information):0X.@def.@entry) mod:01(interpretation(icl>information):0X.@def.@entry, mechanics(icl>science):1K) mod:01(mechanics(icl>science):1K, wave(icl>phenomenon):1F) aoj(critical(aoj>thing):1X, study(icl>document):26.@indef) {/unl} ;;undefined words ;; elsevier [/S] ;;Time 1.5 Sec ;;Done! [S:35] {org} from nobel Lectures: physics 1922-1941, elsevier publishing company, amsterdam, 1965 {/org} {unl} frm(:02.@entry, Nobel Lecture:05.@pl.@colon) mod:02(physics(icl>science):0L.@entry, :01) fmt:01(1941:0Y.@entry, 1922:0T) obj(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):ZZ, :02.@entry) agt(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):ZZ, company(icl>organization):1O) plc(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):ZZ, Amsterdam(iof>city):1X) tim(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):ZZ, 1965:28) mod(company(icl>organization):1O, publishing(icl>action):1D) mod(company(icl>organization):1O, Elsevier:14) {/unl} ;;undefined words ;; elsevier [/S] ;;Time 1.0 Sec ;;Done! [S:36] {org} this autobiography or biography was written at the time of the award and later published in the book series Les Prix Nobel or Nobel Lectures. {/org} {unl} obj(:02.@entry, :03.@topic) mod(:03.@topic, this(modtale):0P.@entry, autobiography(icl>literature):08) and:02(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):2H.@entry.@past, write(agt>thing,obj>thing):1A.@past) man:02(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):2H.@entry.@past, later(icl>how):2B) plc:02(publish(agt>thing,obj>thing):2H.@entry.@past, series(icl>set):33.@def) tim:02(write(agt>thing,obj>thing):1A.@past, time(icl>abstract thing):1P.@def) mod:02(time(icl>abstract thing):1P.@def, award(icl>prize):21.@def) mod:02(series(icl>set):33.@def, book(icl>document):2Y) mod:02(series(icl>set):33.@def, :01) or:01(Nobel Lecture:3Y.@entry.@pl, Nobel Prize:3J) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 1.5 Sec ;;Done! [S:37] {org} the information is sometimes updated with an addendum submitted by the laureate. {/org} {unl} obj(update(agt>thing,obj>thing):0T.@entry, information:04.@def.@topic) man(update(agt>thing,obj>thing):0T.@entry, with(icl>how(obj>thing)):11) man(update(agt>thing,obj>thing):0T.@entry, sometimes:0J) obj(with(icl>how(obj>thing)):11, addendum(icl>addition):19.@indef) obj(submit(icl>present(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing)):1I.@past, addendum(icl>addition):19.@indef) agt(submit(icl>present(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing)):1I.@past, laureate(icl>person):1Z.@def) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 1.3 Sec ;;Done! [S:38] {org} to cite this document, always state.t the source as shown above. {/org} {unl} pur(state(icl>express(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing)):0U.@entry, cite(icl>mention(agt>thing,obj>thing)):03) obj(state(icl>express(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing)):0U.@entry, source(icl>origin):16.@def) man(state(icl>express(agt>thing,gol>thing,obj>thing)):0U.@entry, always:0N) aoj(as(aoj>thing,obj>thing):1D, source(icl>origin):16.@def) obj(as(aoj>thing,obj>thing):1D, show(icl>write(agt>thing,obj>thing)):1G) man(show(icl>write(agt>thing,obj>thing)):1G, above(icl>how):1M) obj(cite(icl>mention(agt>thing,obj>thing)):03, document(icl>information):0D) mod(document(icl>information):0D, this(modliving thing):0H.@entry.@past, 19:0V) obj(die(obj>living thing):0H.@entry.@past, Louis de Broglie(iof>person):00.@topic) tim(19:0V, March:0P) tim(March:0P, 1987:0Z) {/unl} [/S] ;;Time 0.7 Sec ;;Done!