|
|
English |
A is more beautiful than B |
|
UNL |
aoj ( beautiful.@entry, A ) |
Example 2
|
English |
He is more quiet than shy |
|
UNL |
aoj ( :01.@entry, he ) |
Example3
|
English |
the richest person among us in this room |
|
UNL |
aoj ( rich, person.@entry.@def ) |
In UNL, a comparative or superlative expression is expressed by the way of “man ( Adjective/Adverb, more/most )”. For example, “richest” is expressed as “man ( rich, most )”, and “more intelligent” is expressed as “man ( intelligent, more )”. Relation "bas" connects “more/most” with the basis UW, its UNL expression will be “bas ( more/most, Thing )”.
The following is a more complex example of comparison, in which a quantity is using as degree of comparison. There are two UWs “more” in it, “more:01” and “more:02”. “more:01” is for expressing the degree “more than 3 meters”, “more:02” is for the comparison “longer than the stick”.
Example4
|
English |
the rope is more than three meters longer than the stick |
|
UNL |
aoj ( long.@entry, rope.@def ) |
(2) Used for a Relative UW
The meanings of prepositions such as “before”, “after”, “under”, etc are expressed by Relative UWs. Relation "bas" is also used for linking such an UW and its complement. Relative UWs are expressed in the way of "before(icl>time)", "before(icl>place)", etc. Restrictions are always attached.
Example5
|
English |
Come before 10 o’clock |
|
UNL |
tim ( come.@entry.@imperative,
before(icl>time) ) |
Example6
|
English |
A cat is sleeping under the table |
|
UNL |
agt ( sleep.@entry.@progress, cat ) |
Example7
|
English |
It’s five minutes to(UW=before) ten o’clock |
|
UNL |
bas ( before(icl>time).@entry, o’clock ) |
Relation “cag” is used for sentences like the following. This kind of sentence imply two independent events based on different agents. For example, the following sentence implies “I live here, and he lives here”. In UNL, this kind of sentences are simply expressed by using relation “cag”.
Example
|
English |
I live here with him |
|
UNL |
agt ( live.@entry, I ) |
Relation "cao" is used for a thing not in focus which is in a state. The purpose of the use of "cao" is the same as "cag".
Example1
|
English |
I am here with you |
|
UNL |
aoj ( here.@entry, I ) |
Relation "cob" is used for a thing not in focus directly affected by the event.
Example
|
English |
He fell into the river with a car |
|
UNL |
obj ( fall.@entry.@past, he ) |
Note: Relation “cob” does not have the use of second object in exchange verbs, like "He changed a dollar bill for ten dimes", in such a case “gol” will be used.
Relation "ptn" is used in a collaborative event that is initiated by an agent ("agt") and a partner ("ptn") together. The difference between co-agent ("cag") and partner ("ptn") is that "ptn" initiates the same event together with an agent, whereas a co-agent initiates an event that is independent of the agent’s event.
Example1
|
English |
I discussed the problem with my friends |
|
UNL |
agt ( discuss.@entry.@past, I ) |
A related issue : a question on “against”
“against” as in sentence “a struggle of labor against capital” is not codified a partner (ptn). An UW like “be against” or “oppose” should be used. Its UNL expression will be:
Example2
|
English |
a struggle of labor against capital |
|
UNL |
mod ( struggle.@entry.@indef, labor ) |
Example3
|
English |
I voted against him |
|
UNL |
agt ( vote.@past.@entry, I ) |
Last updated : 2000/09/21